2023/35 | LEM Working Paper Series | ||||||||||||||||
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Artificial intelligence, complementary assets and productivity: evidence from French firms |
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Flavio Calvino and Luca Fontanelli |
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Keywords | |||||||||||||||||
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Technology Diffusion; Artificial Intelligence; Digitalisation; Productivity.
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JEL Classifications | |||||||||||||||||
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D20, J24, O14, O33
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Abstract | |||||||||||||||||
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In this work we characterise French firms using artificial intelligence (AI) and explore the link
between AI use and productivity. We relevantly distinguish AI users that source AI from external
providers (AI buyers) from those developing their own AI systems (AI developers). AI buyers
tend to be larger than other firms, while AI developers are also younger. The share of firms
using AI is highest in the ICT sector, which exhibits a particularly high share of developers.
Complementary assets, including skills, digital capabilities and infrastructure, play a key role
for AI use, with AI buyers and developers leveraging different types of human capital. Overall,
AI users tend to be more productive, however this appears largely related to the self-selection of
more productive and digital-intensive firms into AI use. This is not the case for AI developers,
for which the positive link between AI use and productivity remains evident beyond selection,
suggesting a positive effect of AI on their productivity.
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